Effects of five Seeding rates (350, 425, 500, 575 and 650 seeds per m2) on four wheat cultivars (Kavir, Mahdavi, Shiraz and Roshan) were studied under salinity stress, during 2000-2001 crop seasons in Roodasht Agricultural Research Station, Esfahan. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Plants were irrigated with saline water (with EC=12ds/m) throughout the growing season. Two years combined analysis of variance showed that Seeding rate had significant effect on grain yield, number of spikes per m2, thousand kernel weights, biomass and harvest index. However, the effects on plant height and number of grains per spike were not significant. Cultivars were significantly different in all studied traits. Increase in seed rate up to 500 seeds per m2 caused increase in grain yield, but seed rates more than 500 seeds per m2 did not cause more increase in grain yield. Therefore, 500 seeds per m2 that produced an average of 2890kg/ha of grain yield, was the suitable seed rate under the conditions of this experiment. Increase in seed rate also caused increase in number of spikes per m2 and biomass, but decrease in thousand kernel weight and harvest index. Throughout the studied seed rate range, there was linear relationship between seed rate and grain yield.

Cerebellar pilocytic Astrocytoma is a benign tumor, acounts for 80% of all cerebellar Astrocytoma, and has a relatively good prognosis. This tumor usually presents with Ataxia and in the case of hydrocephaly with raised intracranial pressure signs such as headeach, and vomiting. Treatment of this tumor is complete resection and if hydrocephally is present V.P. shunt should be inserted. In the case of recurrence or tumor Seeding radiotherapy is recommended. Seeding of cerbellar Astrocytoma has been reported rarerly. Spontaneous regression of chiasmatic pilocytic Astrocytoma associated with neurofibromatosis type I has been reported but Spontaneous regression of cerebellar Astrocytic tumor without neurofibromatosis has been reported very rarely in the literature. In this report a young patient with Seeding of cerebellar Astrocytoma in the lumbosacral region with severe neurological deficit who has recovered spontaneously without any treatment is presented. This case is intresting for both Seeding and spontaneous regression of tumor.

Effect of drought stress, Seeding density and cultivar was studied on the growth, development and yield of dryland wheat in Mashhad and Shirvan. Treatments (in Mashhad) were consisted of draught stress in grain filling period (with and without stress), density (85,103,175 kg\ha) and cultivar (Sarday and Sabalan) in a spilt factorial design with three replications. In Shirvan (rainfed), treatments were Seeding density (70,100,130,160,190 kg\ha) and cultivar (sardary and sabalan) in a factorial design with three replications. Results showed that, in Mashhad, drought stress decreased anthesis to maturity period, spike number thousand kernel weight, seed and biological yield, and harvest index and increased leaf area index, total and dead dry matter at anthesis. Effects of Seeding density on spike number, seed and biological yield and thousand kernel weights followed a diminishing trend after a maxmium. In Mashhad and for all of the traits (in except of tiller number), Sabalan  was supperior over Sarday. In Shirvan, increasing Seeding density resulted in decreasing of tiller number, kernel number per spike, harvest index and increasing of leaf area index, total and dead dry matter at anthesis, spike number and seed yield. Superiority of Sabalan was ,also obvious in rainfed condition of Shirvan.  

This study was conducted during two years (2007-2009) in Shawoor Agricultural Research Station on a siltyclay soil. Experiment conducted in split plots in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design in three replications.Main plots were planting methods including centrifugal broadcaster (P1), centrifugal broadcaster+furrower (P2), seed drill (P3), seed drill+furrower (P4), three lines bed drilling (P5) and four lines bed drilling (P6).Subplots were included seed rates of 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg.ha-1. The results showed that P2 method with 14.91 litter.ha-1 and P3 method with 5.02 litter.ha-1 had the highest and lowest fuel consumption respectively. P3 method with 1.462 h.ha-1 and P5 method with 0.620 h.ha-1 required maximum and minimum total operation time respectively. P2 method with 0.684 ha.h-1 had minimum field capacity. Field capacity of P5 and P6 with averagely 1.67 ha.h-1 was maximum. Field capacity of all drilling methods (P3, P4, P5 and P6) was significantly more than that of broadcasting methods (P1 and P2). The highest seed spacing uniformity (87.2%) was belonged to P6 method and the lowest value (54.7%) was for P1 method. By using drilling methods of P3 and P5 (or P6) instead of P1 method total cost was reduced 41% and 29% respectively. The results of variance analysis of data showed that the difference between planting methods in case of wheat grain yield and yield components was not significant. However, the seed rate had significant effect on some yield components. Suggestion for cropping of wheat Chamran variety in silty-clay soil in Khuzestan province, used P5, P6 and P3 methods are recommended respectively with seed rate of 120 - 160 kg.ha-1.

Changing rice cultivation system from puddle transplanting to direct Seeding greatly reduces labor and crop production costs. A field experiment was conducted at Rice Research Institute of Iran-Rasht in 2018 as split plot based on a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effect of Seeding date and planting method on growth and grain yield of Hashemi cultivar in direct Seeding method. Main plots included Seeding date (May 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 and June5 and 12) and sub plots were planting methods (broadcast Seeding, row Seeding and hill Seeding). Moreover, transplanting plots were included to the experiment as control treatment. Analysis of variance showed that Seeding date had significant effects on paddy yield but planting method and their interaction had no significant effect on paddy yield. Maximum paddy yield were recorded at the dates of 1 and 15 May (4414 and 4325 kg ha-1, respectively). Paddy yield was significantly reduced when Seeding date delayed, as grain yield reduce by 41%, 43%, and 70% at the Seeding dates of 22 and 29 May, and 5 June compared to the Seeding date of 1 May. There was no significant difference in paddy yield between direct Seeding (4295±215 kg ha-1) and transplanting (4414±184 kg ha-1) production systems. Moreover, Seeding date and planting method had no significant effect on weed biomass. In general, result revealed that optimum paddy yield in direct Seeding was recorded at the Seeding date of 1 and15 May.

In this study, cloud formation and its Seeding efficiency at room temperature have been envestigated by different particles such as ambient aerosols, salt, and smoke induced by burning match. In the first step, the effect of ambient aerosol concentration on the time of clearing cloud was considered. Since the aerosols concentration is almost constant during the day, there for it is accepted as base point for comparison of not-seeded and seeded condition for cloud formation and precipitation. The effect of aerosols concentration variation in different days also was considered. In the second step, the effect of salt and smoke injected as Seeding nuclei to the chamber on the cloud clearing time was studied. The salt solution density was used with 20, 30 and 40 g/lit. The time of cloud clearing by the salt nuclei is less than ambient aerosols. The results showed, the more salt solution density, the less cloud clearing time. In most experiments with increasing smoke concentration the precipitation increased too and extraordinary amounts of smoke concentration rarely caused cloud to be overseed. The experimental results on nucleation efficiency showed that hygroscopic and giant salt particles are more efficient than smaller smoke particles but with respect to higher concentrations of smoke it is observed that the cloud has precipitated in shorter time by smoke nuclei. In fact, if it would be possible to make the experiments under the quantity control coditions, the cloud could be cleaned with salt nuclei in the shorter time.

Background: The most frequently used test for evaluation of fetal health is the Non stress Test (NST). Unfortunately it has a high incidence of false positive results. The combination of vibroacoustic stimulation with the NTS has been shown to reduce non reactive results.Methods: A tests assessment method was chosen with a simple randomized sampling. 40 pregnant women with non reactive NST in the first 20 minutes who received VAS in one of Tehran University's Hospitals were compared with BPP scores. A vibroacoustic stimulation was applied for a 3 seconds on the maternal abdomen and fallowed within 10 minutes. Data collection tools were NST, sonography instruments, NST result paper, tooth brusher, watch, demographic questioner and check list. Data analysis was made by descriptive static and by using the Fisher's Exact Test (with level of significant at p<0/05). All statistical analysis were performed using an spss/win.Results: After VAS, 70% of non reactive tracing became reactive. All cases with fetal reactivity response after a VAS had a subsequent BPP score of 8 (negative predictive value of 100%). False positivity of VAS was lower than NST.Conclusion: VAS offers benefits, by decreasing the incidence of non reactive test and reducing test time. VAS lowers the rate of false positive NST. VAS is safe and allows more efficient of prenatal services. This test could be used as a rapid antepartum test to predict fetal well-being.